文章1 Bloomberg Surveillance Zentner"s Fed call 7.3
Ellen Zentner,摩根士丹利的首席美国经济学家,对美国的制造业复兴进行了讨论。她认为,尽管美国制造业在几十年间的衰退,尤其是在1970年代和2000年代,都有显著的下降,但现在美国的制造业正在经历一场复兴。她表示,数据显示,小型制造商开始得到越来越多的国内订单,这可能意味着制造业复兴的开始。
然而,她强调制造业在美国经济中的份额远小于服务业。同时,Zentner还对美联储可能的政策调整进行了评论。她预测,除非出现重大数据下滑,否则美联储不太可能在七月份的会议上决定不加息。此外,她还评论了劳动市场的状况,指出所有群体的失业率都有所改善,特别是最不受待见的群体在就业市场的紧张程度已恢复到疫情前的水平。
主要核心内容:
摩根士丹利的Ellen Zentner表示,虽然经济中的制造业份额可以增加,但这是一个缓慢的过程。她提到,小型制造商报告国内订单增加,这表明可能存在一个上岸的趋势。然而,她也指出,与服务业相比,制造业在经济中的份额较小。
She mentions that small manufacturers are reporting an increase in domestic orders, indicating a possible trend of on-shoring. However, she also notes that manufacturing is a smaller share of the economy compared to the services sector.
联邦储备和利率上涨:接着,对话转向即将发布的就业报告及其可能对联邦储备决定提高利率的影响。Zentner认为,数据暗示暂停利率上涨的门槛比以前想象的要低。她建议,如果就业报告显示新增就业人数少于10万,可能会导致市场重新考虑7月份的利率上涨,而消费者价格指数(CPI)的下滑惊喜可能会进一步巩固这种观点。
Federal Reserve and Interest Rate Hikes: The conversation then shifts to the upcoming jobs report and its potential impact on the Federal Reserve"s decision to hike interest rates. Zentner believes that the bar for data to suggest a halt in rate hikes is lower than previously thought. She suggests that a payroll print of less than $100,000 could cause the market to reconsider a July hike, and a downside surprise in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) could further solidify this sentiment.
失业率的差异:主持人和Zentner讨论了美国人口不同群体之间的失业率差异。Zentner指出,尽管政府支持和劳动力市场紧张对下层人口有利,但由于通胀超过了工资增长,实际工资增长只是刚刚转为正数。她还提到,失业率在所有群体中都有所改善,这表明对于国家中最缺乏服务的人群,劳动力市场的紧张程度已经回到了疫情前的水平。
Unemployment Rate Disparity: The hosts and Zentner discuss the disparity in unemployment rates across different segments of the American population. Zentner notes that while government support and a tight labor market have benefited the lower decile, real wage gains have only just turned positive due to inflation outpacing wage growth. She also mentions that the unemployment rate has been improving across all groups, indicating a return to pre-pandemic labor market tightness for the most underserved in the country.
对经济惊喜的市场反应:主持人询问Zentner关于经济数据出现惊喜时可能的市场反应。Zentner建议,由于市场在很大程度上接受了联邦储备的加息偏好的叙述,因此下行惊喜可能会引发更大的反应。
Market Reactions to Economic Surprises: The hosts ask Zentner about potential market reactions to surprises in economic data. Zentner suggests that a downside surprise would likely prompt a bigger reaction, as the market has largely accepted the Federal Reserve"s narrative of a hiking bias.
总的来说,这份文字记录的中心主题是美国经济的当前状态和未来展望,重点关注制造业、利率和失业。讨论突出了这些问题的复杂性以及对金融市场和货币政策的可能影响。
文章2 MS THOUGHTS ON THE MARKET : Investing in New Geographies 7.5
这篇文章的核心观点是探讨美中关系的现状和未来,特别是在经济和贸易领域。拜登政府已经越来越关注与CZ的关系,这在投资者中引发了关于可能影响国际商业动态的政策变化的问题。
The U.S. under the Biden administration has been increasingly focused on its relationship with China, which has raised questions amongst investors about potential policy changes that may affect international business dynamics.
文章建议,尽管外交努力加大,但美国在为贸易设立更多规则和壁垒的方式上可能不会有所软化或逆转,特别是在高科技产业中。虽然此类行动在投资者中引起了对跨国公司未来在CZ经营的担忧,但这些政策预计会进一步收紧,而不是放松。
The article suggests that despite increased diplomatic efforts, there will likely be no softening or reversal in the U.S."s approach to creating more rules and barriers for trade, particularly in the high-tech industries. While such moves have spurred concern amongst investors about the future of multinational businesses in China, these policies are expected to tighten further, not relax.
这些外交会议的主要目标似乎是在经济和安全问题上开放定期沟通渠道,以避免误解升级为冲突。然而,人们不再谈论达成全面的自由贸易协定。
The principal aim of these diplomatic meetings appears to be opening regular communication channels on economic and security issues to avoid misunderstandings that could escalate into conflicts. However, there is no longer talk of reaching comprehensive free trade agreements.
这证实了拜登政府正在准备新的非关税壁垒的新闻不断,这些将影响CZ。这包括进一步加强对半导体的出口管制,以保护美国在这个对其经济和国家安全都至关重要的行业中的技术优势。还提到了期待已久的对外投资限制,这可能会限制对CZ的外国直接投资。
This context substantiates the continued news that the Biden administration is preparing fresh non-tariff barriers which will impact China. This includes further tightening export controls on semiconductors to protect the U.S."s technical edge in an industry crucial to both its economic and national security. Also mentioned are forthcoming outbound investment restrictions, which could limit foreign direct investment into China.
然而,作者澄清,这些发展并不等同于美中两国经济的硬脱钩,也不会引发全球市场的相关冲击效应。这些影响可能会在公司随时间进行渐进式调整以应对这些政策中看到。例如,许多跨国公司正在通过在新的地理区域(如墨西哥和土耳其)进行投资来多元化他们的供应链,而没有大幅度减少在CZ的现有资源。
The author clarifies, though, that these developments do not equate to a hard decoupling of the U.S. and China economies and will not trigger a related shock effect on global markets. The effects are likely to be seen in incremental adjustments by companies over time to cope with these policies. For example, many multinationals are diversifying their supply chains by investing in new geographies like Mexico and Turkey, without significantly reducing existing resources in China.
鉴于此,投资者可能会希望通过逐步将国际股票配置转移到股市估值稳健且可能从公司新的供应链投资中受益的国家,来应对这种微妙的情况。根据摩根士丹利的股权策略团队,日本、墨西哥和印度看起来是长期投资的坚实选择。
文章3 Andrew Lo: Finding the Perfect Portfolio--a ‘Never-Ending Journey’ 7.4
这份对话记录来自《The Long View》播客的一期节目,主持人在节目中采访了麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院的金融学教授、金融工程实验室主任Andrew Lo博士。
讨论的中心主题是投资理论和实践的演变,重点关注“完美投资组合”的概念。以下是主要内容的提炼:
投资组合多元化的起源:Lo博士首先讨论了投资组合多元化的起源,将其追溯到18世纪末的瑞士。他描述了一种安排,即法国政府需要资助美国革命,从私人公民那里借款,并承诺提供终身年金作为回报。瑞士银行家利用这种情况,将这些贷款汇集在一起,并选择年轻人作为年金支付的指定接收者,从而延长了法国政府的支付。这种早期的证券化和多元化形式被称为“日内瓦的三十位少女”。
Origins of Portfolio Diversification: Dr. Lo begins by discussing the origins of portfolio diversification, tracing it back to the late 18th century Switzerland. He describes an arrangement where the French government, needing to finance its support of the American Revolution, borrowed from private citizens and promised life annuities in return. Swiss bankers took advantage of this by pooling a number of these loans and selecting young individuals as the designated recipients of the annuity payments, thereby extending the payments from the French government. This early form of securitization and diversification was called "Trente Demoiselles de Geneve".
投资理论的发展:Lo博士认为,系统化投资方法的出现是由资源的可用性和需要将数学方法应用于投资的需求驱动的。他提到了欧文·费舍尔和约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯是这一发展的关键人物。
现代投资组合理论:主持人和Lo博士讨论了哈里·马科维茨的工作,他是一位最近去世的诺贝尔奖获得经济学家。马科维茨因提出多元化和现代投资组合理论而受到认可,这改变了我们配置和投资资产的方式。
寻求完美投资组合:Lo博士谈到了他最近的一本书《寻求完美投资组合》,在这本书中,他描绘了学术研究和金融领域的一些领军人物。他讨论了“完美投资组合”的概念,并认为由于市场和投资者行为的不断演变,这是一场“永无止境的旅程”。
Benz 引出了投资组合构建的讨论,提出了不同的投资组合构建方法可能会在长期内产生不同的结果。Dr. Lo 进一步扩展了这个观点,他认为,完美的投资组合应该适应个人的变化情况和市场条件,强调了灵活的投资组合策略和对当前条件的反应能力的重要性。
然后,他们讨论了哈利·马科维茨在投资组合管理领域的影响。他对现代投资组合理论的研究是偶然遇见的结果,这次遇见使他接触到了投资组合优化的概念。马科维茨的工作的重要性在于,它引起了学术界对投资组合管理的兴趣,这是一个以前被视为相对不重要的领域。他的理论从根本上改变了投资组合构建的方法,引入了相关性、多元化和投资组合构建等概念,并最终将重点从选择最佳股票转向创建具有良好整体属性的投资组合。
此外,马科维茨也被视为行为金融学的先驱,因为他在投资组合理论中对风险和收益做出了行为假设,为个人在金融中管理他们的行为欲望建立了一个框架。在谈到该领域的其他重要贡献者时,Dr. Lo 提到了比尔·夏普,他通过引入贝塔(beta),一种衡量证券不可分散风险的指标,做出了重大进步。尽管随着时间的推移引入了其他因素,但贝塔仍然是理解市场风险的基石。
总的来说,这段他们讨论了反传统智慧的模型和想法在金融中具有变革性潜力。Dr. Lo 建议,将进化理论的原则融入金融市场可能是一个潜在的颠覆者,尽管这在学术界还没有得到广泛的接受。
在下段对话中,嘉宾讨论了适应性市场假说(AMH)的关键原则,该假说被开发成为理性金融和行为金融之间的桥梁。AMH源于由吉恩·法玛(Gene Fama)开发的有效市场假说(EMH)。
EMH断言市场价格充分反映了所有可用的信息,使得难以打败市场。相反,建议投资于广泛的多元化投资组合,以享受市场的增长,而不是试图选择赢家。
Instead, investing in a broadly diversified portfolio is recommended to enjoy the growth of the market rather than trying to select winners.
EMH的批评者认为它是不完整的,因为它没有考虑到效率低下的时期。为了理解市场何时有效,何时崩溃,需要一个不同的方法,这导致了AMH的创建。这种方法结合了行为,心理和进化生物学的观点,将市场视为一个生态系统,其中不同的物种(参与者)为生存而竞争。人们认为这种动态提供了更真实的市场观察,使用来自进化生物学和生态学的原则,如竞争,创新,适应和自然选择来解释市场变化。
Critiques of EMH suggest it is incomplete, as it doesn"t account for periods of inefficiency. To understand when markets are efficient and when they break down, a different approach was needed, leading to the creation of AMH. This approach incorporates behavioral, psychological, and evolutionary biology perspectives, viewing markets as an ecosystem with different species (participants) competing for survival.
如果没有EMH,人们认为投资文化可能仍然专注于通过个人投资经理寻找超额回报。Markowitz,Sharpe,Fama和Bogle的作品结合在一起,通过提供创建良好投资组合的手段,使金融民主化,而无需具备超强的投资技巧。
In the absence of the EMH, it is suggested the investing culture might still be focused on finding superior returns through individual investment managers.
对话还探讨了在预测风险和回报,以及建立投资组合方面,从单因素模型到多因素模型的发展。由于相关因素的复杂性和动态性不断增加,因此在这个过程中强调了谦卑和灵活性的重要性。在金融建模中应用AI和机器学习算法被指出可以提供更复杂的因素阵列,这些因素会随时间变化。
The conversation also explores the progression from single-factor to multi-factor models in forecasting risk and return, and building portfolios. It emphasizes the importance of humility and flexibility in this process due to the increasing complexity and dynamism of relevant factors. The application of AI and machine-learning algorithms in financial modeling is noted to provide a more complex array of factors that change over time.
访谈者讨论了在金融中“保持简单”的原则以及复杂性的危险。虽然有些人沉迷于复杂性,但大多数人的目标是为他们的退休生活做计划并保持他们的生活方式,这需要更简单的方法。现在比十年前有更多的信息,个人需要作为投资者更好地接受教育,以管理不同的机会和陷阱。
The interviewees discuss the principle of "keeping it simple" in finance and the dangers of complexity. While some revel in complexity, most individuals aim to plan for their retirement and maintain their lifestyle, necessitating a simpler approach. With more information available now than a decade ago, individuals need to be better educated as investors to manage different opportunities and pitfalls.
人们赞扬了杰克·博格尔(Jack Bogle,ETF发明者)对实际投资的贡献,尤其是他在普及低成本投资方面的作用。他的投资方法是将大量证券打包,受益于Markowitz几十年前讨论的相关性多样性,并降低风险和提高预期回报,对于使金融更加普及产生了影响。博格尔坚持保持低成本并对投资回报产生影响的主张被强调,被称为“成本事关重要”假说。
The contributions of Jack Bogle to practical investing are celebrated, particularly his role in popularizing low-cost investing. His approach